• make use of knowledge of the world to make sense of the written text

• acquire, extract and organise information relevant to specific tasks

• relate facts, opinions and information from a variety of print sources

• understand different feelings, views and attitudes

• differentiate fact from opinion

• identify implied meanings through inferencing

• recognize how writing conventions affect meaning and cohesiveness

• use linguistic and contextual clues, knowledge of features of different text-types and knowledge of the world to determine the meaning of the written text

• identify main and supporting ideas

• relate cause to effect

• relate evidence to conclusions

• recognise the rhetorical functions performed by sentences in the development of a text

• follow and evaluate the development of a point of view or argument

• distinguish different points of view and arguments

• discriminate between different degrees of formality

• appreciate the stylistic variations between text-types

• interpret how linguistic and structural devices achieve certain effects

• understand and appreciate the tone, mood and intention of the writer and his/her attitude to the theme or middleic

• understand the different types of meaning of words, and the semantic associations that exist among words

• detect faulty or misleading arguments

• evaluate critically views and attitudes

• evaluate and make use of given information to complete specific tasks/evaluate contrast views and attitudes in complex written texts

• describe, express, paraphrase or explain ideas, feelings and experiences

• use strategies to arouse and sustain readers’ interest

• plan and produce coherent and structured texts

• organise and integrate information and ideas, and write texts appropriate to the context, purpose and audience

• present different views and arguments clearly and logically

• present and elaborate main ideas and supporting details through exemplifications, paraphrases, explanations, etc.

• relate events and their causes and effects

• adjust the balance of ideas and the length of text to meet the requirements of different text-types

• plan and produce coherent and structured texts

• organise and integrate information and ideas, and write texts appropriate to the context, purpose and audience

• present different views and arguments clearly and logically

• present and elaborate main ideas and supporting details through exemplifications, paraphrases, explanations, etc.

• relate events and their causes and effects

• adjust the balance of ideas and the length of text to meet the requirements of different text-types

• draft, revise and edit a piece of writing

• use appropriate discourse markers to signal the development of ideas

• use appropriate linguistic and structure devices, a variety of structures and an appropriate range of vocabulary to achieve desired purposes

• use the salient features of a range of text-types appropriately

• *use persuasive devices effectively

• *use appropriate style and register (formal or informal) in writing

• identify key ideas in a passage, discussion or conversation

• extract information and ideas in spoken texts

• identify the sequence of events, causes and effects

• understand levels of formality and informality

• discriminate between different intonation for various feelings and attitudes

• make connections between ideas and information with the help of discourse markers

• understand and interpret spoken texts in a range of situations and for different purposes

• identify details that support a main idea

• predict the likely development of ideas

• understand the use of discourse markers

• establish and infer meanings from clues

• distinguish between facts and opinions in spoken texts

• understand speakers’ intentions, views, attitudes or feelings

• understand both connotative and denotative meanings of words

• *understand speakers with a variety of accents

• convey ideas and information in conversations or discussions

• describe the sequence events, causes and effects

• use words and expressions appropriate to the context

• use appropriate discourse markers

• use correct pronunciation, intonation and register for different purposes

• present feelings, views and arguments coherently and convincingly with suitable reasoning, suggestions and strategies for various contexts and purposes

• describe details that support a main idea

• use a variety of vocabulary appropriately

• use language appropriate to the role or situation at different levels of formality

• *use persuasive devices effectively

Participate Effectively in an Oral Interaction

• make judgments and suggestions, support and develop each other’s views, disagree and offer alternatives, reply, ask relevant questions, explain, give examples and use formulaic expressions where appropriate

• lead or guide discussion and negotiations effectively using strategies

• solicit sharing of experiences, views, attitudes and values

• seek and give clarification, explain what information one requires and why, rephrase one’s questions when necessary, sum up points made and redirect the discussion when the need arises

• make a balanced contribution without either dominating the discussion or being too reticent

• express, elicit and respond to ideas, opinions and feelings in a group discussion

• open and close an interaction appropriately

• verbalise inability to understand, ask for slower repetition and spelling when needed

• maintain an interaction by being a good listener and take turns at the right moment

• make judgments and suggestions, support and develop the views of others, disagree and offer alternatives, reply, ask relevant questions, explain, give examples and use formulaic expressions where appropriate

• lead or guide discussion and negotiations, using effective strategies

• solicit sharing of experiences, views, attitudes and values

• use appropriate interaction skills and conversational strategies

• *use appropriate register (formal or informal) in conversations